Montelukast is a selective and orally active leukotriene receptor antagonist that blocks the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor (CysLT1). Cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4), released from mast cells and eosinophils, contribute to airway inflammation, smooth muscle contraction, and edema, leading to the symptoms of asthma and allergic rhinitis. By inhibiting these leukotrienes, Montelukast helps reduce inflammation and associated symptoms.
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Montelukast does not significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of commonly used drugs like theophylline, prednisone, oral contraceptives, digoxin, or warfarin. However, it may have a reduced bioavailability (approximately 40%) when used with potent cytochrome P450 enzyme inducers like phenobarbital. Monitor closely when co-administering with such drugs.
Montelukast is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to any component of this product.
Overdose symptoms are typically mild, including abdominal pain, drowsiness, thirst, headache, vomiting, and psychomotor hyperactivity. Supportive care is advised in case of an overdose.
Montelukast crosses the placenta in animal studies but no well-controlled studies in pregnant women exist. Use during pregnancy only if necessary. It is excreted in human breast milk, so caution should be exercised in nursing mothers.
Montelukast is not for acute asthma attacks or status asthmaticus. Always have appropriate rescue medication available. Avoid abrupt substitution of Montelukast for inhaled or oral corticosteroids, and monitor for potential effects on asthma management. Those with aspirin sensitivity should avoid aspirin or NSAIDs while using Montelukast.
Store below 30°C in a cool, dry place, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
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